Endometrial Cancer (Uterine Cancer)
The uterus (womb) is part of the female reproductive system. It is shaped like an upside-down pear and sits inside the pelvis. It is in the uterus that a fertilised egg grows into a baby.
Most of these women are over the age of 50 years. Cancer of the uterus is also known as cancer of the womb, uterine cancer, endometrial cancer and cancer of the lining of the womb.
Most of these women are over the age of 50 years. Cancer of the uterus is also known as cancer of the womb, uterine cancer, endometrial cancer and cancer of the lining of the womb.
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Causes of uterine cancer
The exact cause of uterine cancer is not known. Some things seem to put women at more risk including:
- endometrial hyperplasia (an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the endometrium)
- menopause, never having children or being infertile
- being overweight
- high blood pressure and diabetes
- a family history of endometrial, breast or bowel cancer
- being on oestrogen hormone therapy without progesterone
- being on tamoxifen or anastrozole for treatment of breast cancer. if you are on either of these medications, you should discuss this risk with your doctor.
Types of Uterine Cancer :-
Sarcoma: Sarcoma cancer grows in the supporting tissues of the uterine glands or in the myometrium. This cancer accounts for 2-4% of uterine cancers.
Adenocarcinoma: This cancer is considered as the main type of uterine cancer that grows from the cells in the uterus lining. Endometrial cancer is the other name of this cancer.
The Symptoms of Uterine Cancer include :
- Unusual Vaginal Bleeding or Discharge
- Trouble Urinating
- Pelvic Pain
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen
A pelvic exam is performed by the doctors checking the vagina, uterus, ovaries, bladder, and rectum for Endometrial Cancer (Uterine Cancer). An instrument called a speculum is used to widen the vagina so the doctor can see the upper portion of the vagina and the cervix.
The Pap Smear test is often performed during a pelvic exam Endometrial Cancer (Uterine Cancer). The doctor uses a wooden scraper (spatula) or small brush to collect a sample of cells from the cervix and upper vagina. The cells are then sent to a medical laboratory to be checked for abnormal changes. Because uterine cancer begins inside the uterus, it may not show up on a Pap test, which examines cells from the cervix.
A biopsy may be needed for a definitive diagnosis where the doctor removes a sample of tissue from the uterine lining. In some cases, a woman may require a dilation and curettage (D&C), which is usually a day care procedure. During a D&C, the opening of the cervix is widened and the doctor scrapes tissue from the lining of the uterus. A pathologist examines the tissue to check for cancer cells, hyperplasia, or other conditions.
Common Endometrial Cancer (Uterine Cancer) Symptoms
- Abnormal bleeding- heavy bleeding between periods, or heavy bleeding during irregular periods
- Pain during intercourse, pelvic pain or pain in the legs or back
- Difficulty urinating or pain during urination
- Enlarged uterus , Vaginal discharge and or unexplained weight loss
Surgical Treatment of EndometrialCancer (Uterine Cancer)
Surgery is the best option when Endometrial Cancer (Uterine Cancer) is diagnosed in its very early stages. At this time, the location and the stage of cancer make removal easy. Sometimes patients are treated with a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Laparoscopy Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy - involves the minimally invasive or open surgery to remove the uterus. If required teh surgeon may decide to remove both ovaries and the fallopian tubes if there is a risk of Endometrial cancer spread to the ovaries.
In most cases, uterine cancer is an Adenocarcinoma that metastasizes late, usually from the endometrium to the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other peritoneal structures. It may spread to distant organs, such as the lungs and the brain, through the blood or the lymphatic system. In such cases advanced tratement post Hystrectomy like Chemotherapy and Radiation are advised
Chemotherapy
Involves modern cancer drugs that are administered intravenously or orally to kill cancer cells and to reduce the chances of the tumour returning elsewhere in the body.
Radiation therapy
India's leading Cancer hospitals now have some of the world's moset advanced radiation equipment like Linac, Novelis, Gamma Knife and Cyberknife for treating Colon rectal Cancers. High technology radiation is used to kill cancer cells without affecting the healthy tissues. Radiation may be used to reduce the tumor prior to surgery or to obviate the symptoms of colorectal cancer such as pain, bleeding, or blockage.
In most cases, uterine cancer is an Adenocarcinoma that metastasizes late, usually from the endometrium to the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other peritoneal structures. It may spread to distant organs, such as the lungs and the brain, through the blood or the lymphatic system. In such cases advanced tratement post Hystrectomy like Chemotherapy and Radiation are advised
Chemotherapy
Involves modern cancer drugs that are administered intravenously or orally to kill cancer cells and to reduce the chances of the tumour returning elsewhere in the body.
Radiation therapy
India's leading Cancer hospitals now have some of the world's moset advanced radiation equipment like Linac, Novelis, Gamma Knife and Cyberknife for treating Colon rectal Cancers. High technology radiation is used to kill cancer cells without affecting the healthy tissues. Radiation may be used to reduce the tumor prior to surgery or to obviate the symptoms of colorectal cancer such as pain, bleeding, or blockage.
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