Novalis Tx Radiosurgery at World Best Hospitals in India - Most Advanced Technology for Cancer Treatment

Novalis Tx Radiosurgery

Novalis Tx™ Radiosurgery is one of the most precise, non-invasive radiosurgery treatments available for cancerous and non-cancerous conditions of the entire body. It represents a new standard in radiosurgery treatment, featuring advanced technologies that deliver highly precise treatment while protecting surrounding healthy tissue and offers one of the fastest treatment times available—minutes, not hours—giving new hope to patients with tumors once considered untreatable.

  

Novalis Tx™ Radiosurgery rotates around the patient to deliver treatment beams anywhere in the body from virtually any angle. A set of sophisticated image guidance and motion management tools continuously provide clinicians with detailed information about the shape, size and position of the targeted lesion to guide patient setup and positioning and monitor motion during treatment.

For treatments in or near the lungs, there are tools designed to synchronize treatment with the patient’s breathing patterns to compensate for tumor motion. A high-definition multi-leaf collimator, a beam shaping device, ensures that the treatment beam matches the shape of the tumor from every angle.

What types of conditionscan Novalis Tx™ Radiosurgery treat?

Novalis Tx™ Radiosurgery treats cancerous and  non-cancerous conditions of the entire body, such as:

 Arteriovenous malformations (AVM)                                  Cavernous angiomas

 Trigeminal neuralgia                                                                    Intractable seizures

 Parkinson’s disease                                                                      Brain metastases/Gliomas

 Acoustic neuromas                                                                      Pediatric brain tumors

 Recurrent brain tumors                                                              Pituitary adenomas

 Meningiomas of the skull base                                               Craniopharyngiomas

 Spine Tumors/Metastases                                                         Prostate Cancer/Metastases

 Liver Tumors/Metastases                                                         Lung Tumors/Metastases

Can Novalis Tx Radiosurgery perform radiotherapy  and other types of treatment?

Novalis Tx Radiosurgery offers both stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy treatments. Unlike some treatment devices, it  can provide a high number of treatment fractions. Studies have shown that fractionated treatment is necessary to ensure

effective treatment for some tumors and protect healthy tissue. This is particularly true for tumors near auditory nerves, where extending treatment over a number of fractions can provide better treatment outcomes and preserve the patient’s hearing.

Novalis Tx Radiosurgery employs a wide range of treatment modalities—single stage, hypo- and hyper-fractionation; circular and conformal beams; dynamic conformal arcs; and IMRT—ensuring patients receive the best treatment for their individual case.

A one of a kind technology that can treat both non-cancerous and cancerous conditions in a very less time is known as Novalis Tx radiosurgerysystem.The delivery of the beam is shaped in a precise way that is directed onto the tumor. The idea is to deliver the best possible treatment while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. Novalis Tx makes use of a procedure known as stereotactic radiosurgery for treating the patients. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a non-invasive process that delivers high doses of radiation on the tumor from different angles.

Novalis Tx is an ideal technology for treating those tumors that were previously located in inaccessible locations and were difficult to treat. This technology decreases the treatment time as the high-dose radiation beams matches the shape of the tumor that is being treated. The potential errors are also reduced as in the case of time consuming procedures. The entire treatment session can be completed in just 15 minutes.

Other radiosurgery systems use circular beams of radiation to treat tumors and lesions. Most tumors or lesions are irregular in shape so the circular dose cannot completely conform to their exact shape. Novalis Tx radiosurgery shapes the radiation beam precisely to a patient’s tumor or lesion, ensuring that the best possible treatment dose is delivered while healthy tissue is protected. The radiation beam also adapts to the patient’s breathing and other body movements to continuously maintain safe, complete and accurate treatment. Treatments are fast, lasting only minutes, and the patient wears a frameless custom-fit mask rather than an invasive head ring.

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Factors that may increase your risk of colon cancer - Low cost Colon Cancer Treatment in India

Cancer Treatment  in India

The human colon is a muscular, tube-shaped organ measuring about 4 feet long. It extends from the end of your small bowel to your anus, twisting and turning through your abdomen (belly). The colon has 3 main functions.

• To digest and absorb nutrients from food
• To concentrate fecal material by absorbing fluid (and electrolytes) from it
• To store and control evacuation of fecal material

The right side of your colon plays a major role in absorbing water and electrolytes, while the left side is responsible for storage and evacuation of stool.

Factors that may increase your risk of colon cancer include:

·  Older age. About 90 percent of people diagnosed with colon cancer are older than 50. Colon cancer can occur in younger people, but it occurs much less frequently.

·  African-American race. African-Americans have a greater risk of colon cancer than do people of other races.

·  A personal history of colorectal cancer or polyps. If you've already had colon cancer or adenomatous polyps, you have a greater risk of colon cancer in the future.

·  Inflammatory intestinal conditions. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, can increase your risk of colon cancer.

·  Family history of colon cancer and colon polyps. You're more likely to develop colon cancer if you have a parent, sibling or child with the disease. If more than one family member has colon cancer or rectal cancer, your risk is even greater.

·  Low-fiber, high-fat diet. Colon cancer and rectal cancer may be associated with a diet low in fiber and high in fat and calories. Research in this area has had mixed results. Some studies have found an increased risk of colon cancer in people who eat diets high in red meat.

·  A sedentary lifestyle. If you're inactive, you're more likely to develop colon cancer. Getting regular physical activity may reduce your risk of colon cancer.

·  Diabetes. People with diabetes and insulin resistance may have an increased risk of colon cancer.

·  Obesity. People who are obese have an increased risk of colon cancer and an increased risk of dying of colon cancer when compared with people considered normal weight.

·  Smoking. People who smoke cigarettes may have an increased risk of colon cancer.

How is for Colon Cancer diagnosed?

·  Colonoscopy: An endoscope is inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon, through this the doctor can examine the entire colon.

·  Diagnosis is confirmed with a colon biopsy - Stage of disease is confirmed by pathologists and imaging tests, such as computerized tomography (CT or CAT) scans.

·  Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be used to stage rectal cancer

·  Sigmoidoscopy: In this an endoscope is interested in the rectum and moved through the left side of the colon. It cannot be used to view the middle and right sides of the colon.

·  Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) along with Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia and CT , MRI or PET scans of the abdomen, pelvic area

Treatment Options available for Colon Cancer at B est Cancer Hospitals in India

Minimal Invasive Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Surgery

The surgeon enters the abdomen by placing a canula (a narrow tube like instrument) into the abdomen (belly) through a small incision (½ -- ¼ inch)

Carbon Dioxide gas is pumped into the abdomen through the port (cannula) to puff-up or inflate the belly, making working room for the surgeon.

 A laparoscope (a tiny telescope connected to a video camera) is placed through the canula, and allows the surgeon to see a magnified lighted view of the internal organs on a TV monitor

 2 to 4 other canulas are inserted to allow use of special instruments to work inside the abdominal cavity (belly).

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Types of Head and Neck Cancer - Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer at Best Cancer Hospital in India

Most head and neck cancers begin in the cells that line the mucosal surfaces in the head

and neck area, e.g., mouth, nose, and throat. Mucosal surfaces are moist tissues lining hollow organs and cavities of the body open to the environment. Normal mucosal cells look like scales (squamous) under the microscope, so head and neck cancers are often referred to assquamous cell carcinomas. Some head and neck cancers begin in other types of cells. For example, cancers that begin in glandular cells are called adenocarcinomas.

Types of Head and Neck Cancer

• Nasaopharyngeal Cancer :The nasopharynx is the airway passageway at the upper part of the nose at the back of the nose.
• Salivary Gland Cancer :Saliva produced by the salivary gland is the fluid that is released within the mouth in order to keep the mouth moist. Mouth helps in breaking down the food as it contains certain enzymes
• Hypopharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancer :: A tube shaped organ located in the neck used for swallowing, breathing and talking is the larynx. The hypopharnx, also referred to as gullet, is the lower part of the throat surrounding the larynx.
• Oropharyngeal and Oral Cancer :Both tongue and the mouth is included in the oral cavity. The middle part of the throat is included in oropharynx.
• Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer :The air-filled areas surrounding the nasal cavity is known as the paranasal sinuses. The space at the back of the nose from where air passes on the way to the throat is known as the nasal cavity.

 Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer

If a person has symptoms and signs of head and neck cancer, the doctor will take a complete medical history, noting all symptoms and risk factors. In addition, the following tests may be used to diagnose head and neck cancer:

• Endoscopy. This test allows the doctor to see inside the body with a thin, lighted, flexible tube called an endoscope. The tube is gently inserted through the nose into the throat and down the esophagus to examine the head and neck areas. The examination has different names depending on the area of the body that is examined, such as laryngoscopy (larynx), pharyngoscopy (pharynx), or a nasopharyngoscopy (nasopharynx).
• Biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. Other tests can suggest that cancer is present, but only a biopsy can make a definite diagnosis.
• X-ray. An x-ray is a way to create a picture of the structures inside of the body, using a small amount of radiation. A barium swallow may be required to identify abnormalities along the swallowing passage. During a barium swallow, a person swallows a liquid containing barium, and a series of x-rays are taken.
• Ultrasound. An ultrasound uses sound waves to create a picture of the internal organs.
• Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan. A CT scan creates a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body with an x-ray machine. A computer then combines these images into a detailed, cross-sectional view that shows any abnormalities or tumors.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI uses magnetic fields, not x-rays, to produce detailed images of the body, especially images of soft tissue, such as the tonsils and base of the tongue.
• Bone scan. A bone scan uses a radioactive tracer to look at the inside of the bones. The tracer is injected into a patient’s vein. It collects in areas of the bone and is detected by a special camera. Healthy bone appears gray to the camera, and areas of injury, such as those caused by cancer, appear dark. This test may be done to see if cancer has spread to the bones.
• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan. A PET scan is a way to create pictures of organs and tissues inside the body. A small amount of a radioactive substance is injected into a patient’s body. This substance is absorbed mainly by organs and tissues that use the most energy.

Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer at World Best Hospitals in India

Each and every Head and Neck cancer patient is evaluated by a special team of surgical oncologists (Head & Neck unit), medical oncologists, Radiation Oncologists, Onco-pathologists and Imaging Specialists. Depending on the age, general condition, type of pathology and stage of the disease

Treatment Available for Head and Neck Cancers

• Surgery
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Rehabilitation

The treatment plan for an individual patient depends on a number of factors, including the exact location of the tumor, the stage of the cancer, and the person's age and general health. The patient and the surgical oncologist should consider treatment options carefully. They should discuss each type of treatment and how it might change the way the patient looks, talks, eats, or breathes.

Surgery

Surgery is one of the main treatments for mouth, head and neck cancers. The aim of surgery is to remove the cancer cells. If the cancer is found early, surgery can often cure it. Depending on where the tumour is found, your surgeon may need to remove skin, muscle or bone along with your cancer. This can be replaced by skin or muscle or prosthesis. Surgery may also affect how you eat or drink or how you look. A plastic surgeon might also work with your surgeon to reconstruct the affected area to give you the best possible function and appearance. This is called reconstructive surgery.

Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy rays to kill or shrink the cancer cells. Radiotherapy can be used alone or with other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy. If given after surgery, it can destroy any cancer cells left behind. There are two main ways to give radiotherapy: external beam radiation and internal radiation.

External beam radiation aims high-energy X-rays at a cancer to cure or control it. These X-rays come from a machine called a linear accelerator. The treatment does not hurt but you must lie very still during it. For most mouth, head and neck cancers, a ‘mask’ is needed. These masks are moulded from plastic to the shape of your face and make sure your head keeps still during treatment.

Internal radiotherapy involves giving radiotherapy from within your body. Usually an implant containing a source of radiation is put directly into the tumour and left in place for several days. It will release radiation and kill the cancer cells. Internal radiotherapy is also known as brachytherapy. The implant is usually put in under general anaesthetic.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to cure or control cancer. Chemotherapy drugs can be given on their own or with each other. Chemotherapy can also be given before or after radiotherapy and surgery. The drugs are either injected into the bloodstream or given in tablet form. Your doctor will decide the type and dose of your chemotherapy based on the size and location of the tumour, if it has spread, and your general health. Some drugs used for mouth, head and neck cancer are carboplatin and Taxol. See the booklet Understanding Chemotherapy, which you can download from our "Important cancer information booklets" list on the right hand side of this page, for more information about chemotherapy.

Biological therapies

Biological therapies are drugs that block the growth of cancer cells by interfering with molecules needed for the cancer to grow. Unlike chemotherapy, biological therapy can tell the difference between cancer cells and normal cells. Biological therapy can be given on its own or with chemotherapy drugs.

Advanced Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer in India

Minimally invasive surgical techniques are used when possible to remove tumors that are located near structures involved in sensory and physical functioning. In many cases, patients can recover more quickly when treated with minimally invasive surgery compared with traditional, open surgery.

• Endoscopic Laser Surgery : This technique may be used to remove tumors in the larynx or pharynx (throat) while preserving the structures involved in speech and swallowing. The surgeon inserts a thin, lighted tube called an endoscope through the patient's mouth and into the throat. Surgeons remove the tumor using a special laser that is attached to the endoscope. Endoscopic laser surgery is often performed on an outpatient basis with a safe, fast-acting anesthetic that wears off quickly after the procedure.
• Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy (MIVAT): A tiny video camera that is attached to an endoscope is used to remove thyroid tumors through a small incision.
• Robotic Surgery : Tumors of the tongue and tonsils can be removed with the aid of small robotic arms that are placed in the mouth, avoiding the need to make a large incision or to split the jawbone.

Bone Cancer Treatment in India: Best Cancer Hospitals in India

Bone cancer can develop in all types of bone tissue and also in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow (e.g., multiple myeloma, leukemia). Cancer that originates in bone is called primary bone cancer. Most cancers that originate in bone tissue are sarcomas (i.e., cancer that originates in connective tissue).

Cancer often spreads (metastasizes) to the bones from other sites in the body (e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer). When this occurs, the cancer cells resemble cells from the area they originated from, not bone cancer cells. This type of cancer is called metastatic bone cancer or secondary bone cancer. Bones are a specialized type of dense tissue (called osseous tissue) that comprises the framework of the body (the skeleton). Most bones are hollow and consist of bone cells (osteocytes) embedded in calcified tissue.

Bone tissue consists of two types of cells. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation and osteoclastsare responsible for dissolving bone tissue. Bone tissue is always changing: new bone cells are constantly forming and old bone cells are constantly dissolving. Bone marrow is soft tissue inside the bones that contains blood-forming cells and other cells (e.g., fat cells, plasma cells).

Diagnosis of Bone Cancer

• OPD Consultations
• X-ray
• Computerized tomography (CT)
• Bone scan
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
• Biopsy - A sample of tissue (Biopsy) from the tumor is removed for laboratory testing. Testing is done to know whether the tissue is cancerous and, if so, what is the type of cancer. Testing may also reveal the cancer's grade, which helps oncologists to understand how aggressive the cancer is.

Types of Biopsy Procedures used to Diagnose Bone Cancer Include

• Inserting a needle through skin and into a tumor. During a needle biopsy, surgical oncologist inserts a thin needle through the skin and guides it into the tumor. The needle is used to remove small pieces of tissue from the tumor.
• Surgery to remove a tissue sample for testing. During a surgical biopsy, surgical oncologist makes an incision through the skin and removes either the entire tumor (excisional biopsy) or a portion of the tumor (incision biopsy).

Determining the type of biopsy patients need and the particulars of how it should be performed requires careful planning by the oncology team. Surgical Oncologists perform the biopsy in a way that will not interfere with future surgery to remove bone cancer.

Bone Cancer Treatment in India

There are three standard forms of treatment for primary bone cancer: surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Many times, more than one treatment method is required, such as surgery along with radiation therapy. Treatment varies based on type of bone cancer, if it has spread (metastasized), and other general health factors.

• Surgery: Bone cancer is most commonly treated with surgery. Surgical treatment for bone cancer that has not spread involves removing the cancerous tissue and a small margin of healthy bone tissue surrounding it. Some tumors may require chemotherapy or radiation therapy in addition to surgical treatment.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses specific type’s high energy beams of radiation to shrink tumors or eliminate cancer cells. Radiation therapy works by damaging a cancer cell's DNA, making it unable to multiply. Although radiation therapy can damage nearby healthy cells, cancer cells are highly sensitive to radiation and typically die when treated. Healthy cells that are damaged during radiation are resilient and are often able to fully recover.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is an important part of the treatment for most osteosarcomas, spindle cell sarcomas and Ewing's sarcomas. Chemotherapy is usually given before you have surgery or radiotherapy. When given before surgery, it can shrink the tumour and make it easier to remove. It can also reduce symptoms such as pain and reduce the chances of the cancer spreading. If you have an osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma, you will also have chemotherapy after surgery or radiotherapy. This is to destroy any remaining cancer cells that may have spread to other parts of the body. 

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Pancreatic cancer is hard to catch early It doesn't cause symptoms right away - Best Cancer Hospital in India

What is Pancreatic Cancer?

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth, and pancreatic cancer occurs when this uncontrolled cell growth begins in the pancreas. Rather than developing into healthy, normal pancreas tissue, these abnormal cells continue dividing and form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors. Tumors then interfere with the main functions of the pancreas. If a tumor stays in one spot and demonstrates limited growth, it is generally considered to be benign. 

More dangerous, or malignant, tumors form when the cancer cells migrate to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph systems. When a tumor successfully spreads to other parts of the body and grows, invading and destroying other healthy tissues, it is said to have metastasized. This process itself is calledmetastasis, and the result is a more serious condition that is very difficult to treat. 

The most common cancer that arises in the pancreas is the adenocarcinoma, which carries the worst prognosis. The main risk factors are smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity and diabetes mellitus. There is also a strong relation to chronic pancreatitis and a family history of cancer. Hence this cancer can be guarded against by lifestyle modifications, such as cessation of smoking, change in drinking habits, regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle.

What Are The Symptoms Of Pancreatic Cancer?

Cancer symptoms are quite varied and depend on where the cancer is located, where it has spread, and how big the tumor is. Pancreatic cancer is often called a "silent" disease because it rarely shows early symptoms and presents non-specific later symptoms. Tumors of the pancreas cancers are usually too small to cause symptoms. However, when the cancer grows, symptoms include:

• Pain in the upper abdomen from the tumor pushing against nerves
• A painless yellowing of the skin and eyes and darkening of the urine called jaundice, created when the cancer interferes with the bile duct and the liver.
• Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting
• Significant weight loss and weakness
• Acholic stool (pale or grey stool) and steatorrhea (excess fat in stool)

These symptoms of pancreatic cancer have numerous other causes, making it difficult to diagnose the disease before it is in an advanced stage.

What Are The Stages Of Pancreatic Cancer?

After a diagnosis is made, doctors find out how far the cancer has spread to determine the stage of the cancer. The stage determines which choices will be available for treatment and informs prognoses. The standard pancreatic cancer staging method is called the TNM (Tumor - Node - Metastasis) system. T indicates the size and direct extent of the primary tumor, N indicates the degree to which the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, and M indicates whether the cancer has metastasized to other organs in the body. A small tumor that has not spread to lymph nodes or distant organs may be staged as (T1, N0, M0), for example.

Group staging, from 0 to IV, for pancreatic cancer follows from TNM categories. Stage 0 is written as (Tis, N0, M0) where Tis stands for carcinoma in situ. This is when the tumor is confined to the top layers of pancreatic duct cells and has not invaded deeper tissues nor spread outside of the pancreas. Stage IV is written as (Any T, Any N, M1) and describes cancer that has spread to distant sites throughout the body.

Physicians also use a simpler staging system that classifies tumors based on the likelihood that they can be surgically removed. Resectable cancers are isolated to the pancreas and can be entirely removed. Locally advanced (unresectable) tumors have not spread to distant organs but cannot be completely removed surgically. Metastatic tumors have spread to distant organs, and surgery would only be used to relieve pain or unblock ducts

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is done by imaging, such as CT scan, MRI, CT guided fine needle biopsy (FNAC) and a blood  test to detect a specific protein called CA 19.9, the level of which is elevated in pancreatic cancer. It is not always possible to do preoperative biopsy or FNAC successfully, and it frequently happens that the surgeon decides to operate on clinical and radiological suspicion alone. During the operation, a frozen section biopsy is used to confirm the disease.

Treatment

Upon diagnosis, the fate of the affected person hinges on whether the cancer is limited to the pancreas and, if so, whether it can be surgically removed. Like most other solid cancers, surgery is the keystone to the treatment of this cancer. If the cancer has spread to other distant organs such as the liver, it is in the incurable stage and the average survival of these patients is 6 to 9 months from diagnosis. Anticancer chemotherapy drugs can be used to ameliorate the painful symptoms, but it does not increase survival at this stage. If the cancerous tumour is not limited to the pancreas but has extended to involve surrounding vital structures, then it is inoperable, which means it cannot be surgically removed. These patients are treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which  can give an extended survival of 42 to 60 weeks.

If the tumour is limited to the pancreas and is operable, then surgery carries the best chance of cure. The operation varies according to where the tumour is located. If it is in the head of the pancreas, then the surgery is called a Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy). This is a long and complicated surgery carrying significant chance of post-operative complications and even death, up to 5 per cent.

If successful, it carries a 5 year survival rate of 20 per cent, which means that 20 per cent of patients are likely to live more than 5 years. The average survival of these patients is 19 months. If the tumour is in the mid-part or body of pancreas, it is rarely operable, but sometimes a total pancreatectomy or removal of whole pancreas can be done. For cancers in the tail of the pancreas, a distal pancreatectomy operation with removal of the spleen is done.

Of all the patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, 80 per cent are inoperable at diagnosis. Surgery is also not a guarantee of cure. Thus it is apparent that treatment options for this disease are limited, even when detected relatively early. Research is ongoing to find better options. As of now, it appears that prevention is better than cure, and therein lies the importance of a healthy lifestyle.

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Radiosurgery and How Cyberknife is Different from Other Systems - Cyber Knife Radio surgery in India

Radiosurgery and How Cyberknife is Different from Other Systems

Although Radiosurgery has been used for over 30 years to treat both cancerous and benign tumors and growths, Cyberknife is a very new concept and different than its counterparts. Radiosurgery does not remove the tumors, rather it uses high doses of radiation to destroy the tumor cells and stop the growth of active cells. Multiple beams of radiation produced by a linear accelerator are directed at the abnormal growth within the body.

Various radiosurgery systems are available, the most most widely used being the Gamma Knife and modified linear accelerators. Cyberknife's distinction advantage over the other options is its precision, which enables physicians to maximize the amount of radiation that reaches the tumor or abnormal growth while minimizing exposure to healthy tissue and organs.

Cyberknife Treatment Procedures

Cyber knife treatment works in mainly two ways. In the first methodology, lightweight radiation delivery equipment is inserted on a multi-jointed robotic arm, so that it can be easily reach tumors in any part of the body. In the second method, the technique uses image guidance system, which allows the Cyberknife therapy to track and allocate the tumor.

CyberKnife uses image guidance and robotics to maintain a high degree of precision and is particularly useful for tumors that are close to critical structures.

The biggest advantages which the Cyber knife treatment offers are that no anesthesia is required, no hospitalization and no cuts or incisions at all. This means that there is no recovery time and everyday activities can be resumed immediately. Also, the treatment is undertaken in 1 to 6 sessions, which can be performed on either the same day or different days, as per the patient's convenience.

What does Cyber knife Surgery Treat?

The Cyberknife system has FDA clearance for treatment of tumors in any location of the body. Cyberknife surgery is administered for both cancerous and benign tumors. All stages, from I until IV (metastases) can be treated. Following are treated using Cyberknife system:

• Cancers involving the brain
• Lung cancers
• Pancreatic cancers
• Metastatic liver cancers
• Cancers involving the spine
• Benign brain tumors
• Malformations of blood vessels within the brain
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Metastatic orbital tumors, orbital lymphomas and orbital inflammations (tumors or inflammations around the eye)

Cyberknife Treatment Cannot be Used

For tumors or metastases bigger than 3-4 cms., in which case they are treated via a similar radiotheraphy called IMRT( or Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy), which is not as precise as Cyberknife but the results are good if the tumors are not solid.

Common Conditions Treatable By CyberKnife 

Radiosurgery

• Astrocytoma, Glioma, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Oligodendroglioma : - CyberKnife offers superior conformance to tumour shape, which is important especially for recurrence after surgery and conventional radiotherapy. CyberKnife can also irradiate the tumour bed to delay or prevent recurrence.

• Brain metastases : -  Radiosurgery may be equal to surgery for single metastases and better for multiple metastases. Advanced imaging allows CyberKnife® to treat those that are widely dispersed.

• Spinal Tumours : - CyberKnife® is regularly used to treat spinal metastases. It may also serve as a treatment for many primary spinal tumours.

• Pituitary Adenoma : - CyberKnife's® staged treatments may help to avoid or minimize the risk of visual loss and other side effects associated with single-session radiosurgery. Its superior conformance minimizes irradiation of normal tissue, including the optic chiasm and hypothalamus.

• Hemangioblastoma : -  CyberKnife® non-invasively treats the tumour nodule, usually in one session, even in hard-to-reach areas. This is especially beneficial for Von Hippel Lindau disease patients who can become disabled by multiple surgeries.

• Skull Base Tumours : -  The proximity of these tumours to vital nerve and vascular structures makes them surgically problematic.

• Meningioma :- For smaller meningiomas, radiosurgery is an ideally non-invasive therapy. CyberKnife® is especially safe for meningiomas adjacent to critical structures because it can be delivered in fractions.

• Neurofibroma & Schwannoma : - While these tumours' resistance to radiation makes conventional radiotherapy an option only when surgery is not, CyberKnife's® conformance makes it an effective alternative to radiation therapy and surgery for selected patients.

• Acoustic Neuroma : - Studies show that CyberKnife® treatment in stages offers the highest rates ever achieved for hearing and facial-nerve preservation besides effective control of the tumour-growth.

• Intracranial AVMs : - With CyberKnife®, we can treat locations that can't be safely approached with microsurgery or endovascular therapy. Selected AVMs have an 80% chance of disappearing after a single treatment session though it may take some time. CyberKnife® can also be used in conjunction with other therapies to remove remnants.

• Spinal AVMs : - CyberKnife® is the first and the only system to offer radiosurgical treatment of spinal AVMs .It provides the same or even more accuracy and success as for intracranial AVMs

Benefits of Cyberknife Surgery

Cyber knife treatment of Cancer is an extirely new approach and offers many advantages over other methods. It is a noninvasive alternative for patients who are not ideally suited for or are unable to undergo traditional surgery. The benefits include:

• No anesthesia
• No pain
• No incisions
• No bleeding
• Immediate return to normal routine
• Completely frameless
• No hospitalization
• Minimal radiation exposure to healthy tissues and organs
• Even if tumors have received the maximum allowed dosage of radiation, they can still be treated.

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