Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries.
Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries - each
about the size of an almond - produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones
estrogen, progesterone. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has
spread within the pelvis and abdomen. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is
difficult to treat and is often fatal. Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that
begins in the ovaries. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus.
The ovaries — each about the size of an almond — produce eggs (ova) as well as
the hormones estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. Ovarian cancer often goes
undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. At this late
stage, ovarian cancer is difficult to treat and is often fatal.
Most
women will not notice any symptoms as it can take a long time for symptoms to
occur. When symptoms do appear, they can be mild, vague or do not go away
(persistent). They can include:
- Bloated feeling
- Persistent swollen abdomen
- Pain or dragging sensation in your lower abdomen or side
- Vague indigestion or nausea
- Poor appetite and feeling full quickly
- Changes in your bowel or bladder habits; for example, constipation or needing to pass water urgently
- Abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding (rare)
Even
though these symptoms can be caused by complaints other than cancer, do have
them checked by your doctor.
Screening
Testing for ovarian cancer when you have no symptoms is called screening. There is no national ovarian screening programme in Ireland at present. Talk to your GP if you feel you or your family are at risk. Cervical screening tests (smear tests) will not pick up signs of ovarian cancer.
Diagnosis
Ultrasound of abdomen: An ultrasound uses sound waves to build up a
picture of the tissues inside your body. A gel is spread over the area to be
scanned first. A probe that makes sound waves is then used to take the scan.
The sound waves are converted into a picture by a computer and can show up any
abnormal tissues.
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Transvaginal ultrasound: This is a special type of ultrasound. A small
metal device called a probe is put into your vagina first. It looks like a
microphone and is covered with a gel. By doing the test in this way, clear
pictures of your womb and ovaries can be seen. This test is not painful but may
be a little uncomfortable.
Laparoscopy: This is a small operation done in theatre under general
anaesthetic. Your doctor will make a small cut in your lower abdomen near your
belly button. He or she will then put a thin mini-telescope called a
laparoscope into the wound. By looking through the laparoscope, your doctor can
see your ovaries and take a small sample of tissue (biopsy) to be examined.
Special blood test: A blood test called CA125 is usually done.
CA125 is a chemical found in blood that is sometimes released from ovarian
cancer cells. It is known as a tumour marker for ovarian cancer. Not all women
with ovarian cancer will have a raised CA125.
Special tests
These
may include:
·
CT scan
·
PET scan
·
MRI scan
These
scans can help to stage the cancer. This means finding out the size of the
cancer and if it has spread anywhere else. This can help your doctor to decide
on the right treatment for you.
Indian Hospitals gives women with ovarian cancer
access to the latest in cancer treatment. For example, Indian surgeons use
fertility-sparing surgery, minimally and robotic surgery in select cases, when
app minimally invasive surgery — also called laparoscopic surgery — for several
conditions. In minimally invasive procedures, your doctor makes one or more
incisions, each about a half-inch long, to insert a tube. The number of
incisions depends on the type of surgery. The tube or tubes let the doctor slip
in tiny video cameras and specially designed surgical instruments to perform
the procedure.
When you have minimally
invasive surgery, you're likely to lose less blood and have less postoperative
pain, fewer and smaller scars, and a faster recovery than you would after open
surgery. Depending on your condition, you may need only a short hospital stay.
For some conditions, your doctor may recommend robotic surgery. That technology
gives your doctor great precision, flexibility and control by providing a magnified,
3-D view of the surgical site.
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