Prostate Cancer - Alternative Cancer Treatments in India

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system that helps in formation and storage of seminal fluid. The prostate gland in a male body is located in pelvis under the urinary bladder  and in front of the rectum. In simple words we can define and understand Prostate cancer as one which is mainly associated with urinary dysfunction

Prostate cancer tends to develop in men over the age of fifty and very uncommon in men younger than 45 but becomes often common with the men of advancing age. As of 2011, prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in males worldwide.

 Signs and Symptoms:-

 Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms because most of the prostate cancers are slow growing however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers with following symptoms:-

·         Frequent urination,

·         Nocturia (increased urination at night)

·         Hematuria (blood in the urine)

·         Dysuria (painful urination)

·         Difficulty in starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine

·         Loss of weight and appetite, fatigue, nausea, or vomiting

·         Weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs

   

Diagnosis:-

• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test : A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm and analyzed for PSA, a substance that's naturally produced by your prostate gland. It's normal for a small amount of PSA to be in your bloodstream but if the value increases, the cause must be located.
• Ultrasound : If other tests raise concerns, your doctor may use transrectal ultrasound to further evaluate your prostate. This gives a clear picture of the prostate gland.
• Bone Scans and X-rays : It may reveal whether the cancer has invaded the bones. To perform a bone scan, doctors inject low doses of a radioactive substance into the patient's vein, which accumulates in bones that have been damaged by cancer.
• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): During a DRE, your doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into your rectum to examine your prostate, which is adjacent to the rectum. It helps to detect any structural anomalies in the prostate.
• Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans : They can further pinpoint the location of cancer that has spread beyond the prostate.
• Biopsy : The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist. The pathologist will check the biopsy sample to see if there are cancer cells and find out the Gleason score.

    Treatment for Prostate Cancer :-

·         Active surveillance:- It refers to the process of observation and regular monitoring and it               can be used effectively when prostate cancer is suspected in its early stage. It includes PSA blood tests and prostate biopsies.   

·         Surgery:- prostatectomy i.e Surgical removal of the prostate. It is most common mode of treatment either for early stage prostate cancer or for aggressive prostate cancer cases. It involves the two major kinds of radical prostatectomy those are radical perineal prostatectomy, and radical retropubic prostatectomy.       

·         Cryosurgery:- It is yet another method of the  treatment of prostate  cancer in which the prostate gland is exposed to freezing temperatures.

·         Radiation therapy:- It is also known as radiotherapy which is used  in the treatment of all  stages of  prostate cancer patients. There are two different kinds of radiation therapy used: external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy . Brachytherapy involves the surgical placement of radioactive seeds or implants directly into the cancerous portions of the prostate where the radiation kills the available cancerous cells.

·   Advanced Robotic Prostate Surgery  is now preferred choice for Prostate Cancer patients due to following unmatched advantages:-

•  Minimal Bleeding
• Much quicker recovery
• Reduced hospital stay
• Lesser pain killer requirements
• Improved preservation of physical appearance
• Three (3) D vision enables surgeon to perform Prostate excision with Cancer
• Control without risk of Post Surgery Continence (control over urinary and fecal discharge) and causing Impotency

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