Best Cancer Hospitals of India for Advanced Breast Cancer Treatment

Some Facts about Metastatic Breast Cancer

1. No one dies from breast cancer that remains in the breast. Metastasis occurs when cancerous cells travel to a vital organ and that is what threatens life.

2. Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer to different parts of the body, typically the bones, liver, lungs and brain.

3. An estimated 155,000 Americans are currently living with metastatic breast cancer. Metastatic breast cancer accounts for approximately 40,000 deaths annually in the U.S.

4. Treatment for metastatic breast cancer is lifelong and focuses on control of the disease and quality of life.

5. About 6% to 10% of people are Stage IV from their initial diagnosis.

6. Early detection does not guarantee a cure. Metastatic breast cancer can occur 5, 10 or 15 years after a person's original diagnosis and successful treatment checkups and annual mammograms.

7. 20% to 30% of people initially diagnosed with early stage disease will develop metastatic breast cancer.

8. Young people, as well as men, can be diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer.

9. Like early stage breast cancer, there are different types of metastatic breast cancer.

10. Treatment choices are guided by breast cancer type, location and extent of metastasis in the body, previous treatments and other factors.

11. Metastatic breast cancer is not an automatic death sentence. Although most people will ultimately die of their disease, some will live long and productive lives.

12. There are no definitive prognostic statistics for metastatic breast cancer. Every patient and their disease is unique.

Most Advanced Breast Cancer Care and Treatment in India - Best Cancer Hospitals of India for Advanced Breast Cancer Treatment

Medworld India offers comprehensive care for patients with Breast Cancer, including advanced diagnosis, best treatment options . A team of Surgical Oncologists, Radiation Oncologists, Medical Oncologists, Urologists, Rehabilitation team and other medical specialties work together to treat each Breast Cancer patient We consider each patient's type and extent of Breast Cancer to recommend the most appropriate treatment plan. They also carefully consider and select the treatment option that will allow the patient to maintain quality of life with good survival rate.

Why should you choose to get Indian hospitals offer the Best Cancer Treatment in India at affordable prices. MedWorld india associated Best Cancer Treatment Hospitals in India have the latest technology and infrastructure to offer the Most Advanced Cancer Treatment at low cost.

At MedWorld India Affiliated Best Cancer Hospitals are to deliver highest quality and advanced oncology care in a supportive and compassionate environment to all our patients, and to advance the treatment and prevention of cancers through innovative research.

MedWorld India Affiliated Best Cancer Hospitals in India offer:

·         World class results for Cancer Treatment

·         World Class equipment for investigations, radiotherapy and surgery

·         Cancer specialists with great qualifications and experience

·         India has many super specialists ( specialization in one particular area: Breast Cancers, Stomach Cancers, Prostate Cancers, etc)

·         Low cost of cancer treatment

·         India offers the perfect combination of expertise and economical costs

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Prostate Enlargement-Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia :What Are Your Treatment Options?

Gentlemen, if trips to the restroom require sudden dashes or are marked by difficulty urinating, your prostate may be enlarged. You’re not alone—an estimated 50 percent of men in their 50s have an enlarged prostate.  The prostate, the gland that produces the fluid that carries sperm, grows larger with age. An enlarged prostate, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can block the urethra from transporting urine from the bladder and out of the penis.

Don’t resign yourself to living with BPH. Addressing your symptoms now can help avoid problems later. Untreated BPH may lead to urinary tract infections, acute urinary retention (you can’t go at all), kidney and bladder stones and, in severe cases, kidney damage. Treatment options include medications and surgery. When you evaluate these choices, you and your doctor will consider how much your symptoms interfere with your life, the size of your prostate, your age, overall health, and other medical conditions you have.

Symptoms

An enlarged prostate can make it more difficult to urinate. Not all men who have an enlarged prostate experience symptoms. However, about one-fourth of all men in the United States report some trouble urinating.

At first, symptoms may be mild because the bladder muscle is able to compensate for the pressure from the enlarged prostate on the urethra.

The pressure of the prostate on the urethra causes an interrupted or weak stream of urine. Other symptoms include:

·         Difficulty starting to urinate

·         Continuing to dribble after urination

·         A feeling that you have not completely emptied your bladder

The severity of these problems depends on how much pressure the prostate is putting on the urethra.

Another set of symptoms happens when the urine that collects in the bladder causes irritation. These symptoms include:

·         Painful urination

·         A frequent need to empty the bladder, especially at night

·         A feeling of urgency that accompanies the sensation to urinate

·         Loss of bladder control (incontinence)

Potentially serious complications can occur if the bladder does not empty completely. Urine that does not exit the bladder can lead to the growth of bacteria, which can cause frequent urinary tract infections. Also, urinary stones can form in the bladder lining due to an accumulation of debris and chemicals. Broken blood vessels can cause blood in the urine, often because of torn or enlarged veins on the inner surface of the prostate. Blood in the urine also can be caused by the sudden stretching of the bladder wall. If left untreated, urine retained in the bladder can back up into the kidneys, which can cause kidney failure over time.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask questions to rate the severity of your urinary symptoms. The doctor will do a digital rectal exam to feel the size, shape and consistency of the prostate gland. Usually, a sample of your urine will be examined for blood or evidence of infection.

Occasionally, your doctor may order tests, such as an ultrasound, to measure the amount of urine in your bladder, or a cytoscopy, in which a lighted tube is inserted through the penis into the bladder. Special tests also can be done to evaluate the muscles and nerves in the bladder, especially if you are having trouble with leakage of urine.

Invasive surgery for BPH includes transurethral surgery, which does not require an external incision, or open surgery, which does. In 90 percent of all surgeries for BPH, the surgeon performs transurethral resection of the prostate, or TURP. Using a resectoscope inserted through the penis, the surgeon removes prostate tissue obstructing the urethra. With TUIP, transurethral incision of the prostate, the surgeon makes incisions in the neck of the bladder and in the prostate. This serves to widen the urethra and increase urine flow.

Laser Surgery

Laser surgery for BPH involves inserting a scope through the penis tip into the urethra. A laser passed through the scope removes prostate tissue by ablation (melting) or enucleation (cutting). In photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP), the laser melts excess prostate tissue.

Holmium laser ablation of the prostate (HoLAP) is similar, but a different type of laser is used. The surgeon uses two instruments for Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP): a laser to cut and remove excess tissue and a morcellator to slice extra tissue into small segments that are removed.

Open Simple Prostatectomy

In complicated cases of a very enlarged prostate, bladder damage, or other problems, open surgery may be required. In open simple prostatectomy, the surgeon makes an incision below the navel or, in laparoscopic surgery, several small incisions in the abdomen. Unlike prostatectomy for prostate cancer when the entire prostate gland is removed, in open simple prostatectomy the surgeon removes only the portion of the prostate blocking urine flow.

Leukemia symptoms - Cancer Treatment Centers of India

Cancer can form in and attack any organ or organic system in the human body. When it comes down to blood cancer, it is found that cancerous cells multiply rapidly and violently attack different parts of the circulatory system, making it one of the, if not the most dangerous cancer that could possibly attack anyone. Apart from blood and the lymphatic system; bone marrow is prone to be affected by this kind of cancer.

There are three basic types of blood cancer, primarily. These are:

Leukemia – Because of the rapid increase of cancerous cells that are either affecting the marrow or the blood, the circulatory system loses its ability to produce and regulate blood effectively, hence severely impairing it.

Lymphoma – The cancer affecting lymphocytes is called lymphoma. Lymphocytes are one of the types of white blood corpuscles.

Myeloma – Myeloma affects plasma, another type of white blood corpuscles.

Treating blood cancer is determined by various factors, such as age, how fast the cancer is progressing, where the cancer has spread to, other health conditions, etc.

Leukemia(Blood Cancer) Treatment at BestHospital in India

Leukemia is not a single disease. Instead, the term leukemia refers to a number of related cancers that start in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. There are both acute and chronic forms of leukemia, each with many subtypes that vary in their response to treatment. In addition, children with leukemia have special needs that are best met by care in pediatric cancer centers. 

In general, there are five major approaches to the treatment of leukemia:

• Chemotherapy to kill leukemia cells using strong anti-cancer drugs
• Interferon therapy to slow the reproduction of leukemia cells and promote the immune system's anti-leukemia activity
• Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells by exposure to high-energy radiation
• Stem cell transplantation (SCT) to enable treatment with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy and
• Surgery to remove an enlarged spleen or to install a venous access device (large plastic tube) to give medications and withdraw blood samples.

Stem cell transplantation

Younger patients that are at high risk for dying from CLL might consider hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Autologous stem cell transplantation, a lower-risk form of treatment using the patient's own blood cells, is not curative. Myeloablative (bone marrow killing) forms of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, a high-risk treatment using blood cells from a healthy donor, may be curative for some patients, but most patients cannot tolerate the treatment. An intermediate level, called reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation, may be better tolerated by older or frail patients.

Biological Therapy : Biological therapy, also referred to as immunotherapy, involves the treatment with those substances that affect the ability of an immune system to kill cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies and interferon are the two types of biological therapy. The purpose of monoclonal antibodies is to stick to cancer cells in order to draw the attention of the immune system to these cancer cells. On the other hand, interferon helps in stimulating the immune system so as to destroy the cancer cells. These two options are generally used for chronic leukemia instead of acute leukemia.

Radiotherapy : Radiotherapy, also known as radiation therapy, makes use of energy rays such as X-rays for stopping the growth and multiplication of the cancer cells. This energy is directed at any particular part of the body such as the spleen or also to the entire body.

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Colon Cancer Treatment & Surgery - Best Cancer Hospital in India

Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (colon), the lower part of your digestive system. Rectal cancer is cancer of the last several inches of the colon. Together, they're often referred to as colorectal cancers. Most cases of colon cancer begin as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps. Over time some of these polyps become colon cancers.

These are the third most commonly diagnosed cancers in world. They start as a small proliferated, ulcerated lesions or thickenings from the inner most layers of bowel lining. Left untreated they grow in size, extend through the wall to adjacent organs, involve nearby lymph nodes and at latter stages involve the liver and other distant organs, through blood stream, manifesting as different stages of disease progression.

Colon Cancer Symptoms

Many cases of colon cancer have no symptoms. The following symptoms, however, may indicate colon cancer:

·         Pain and tenderness in lower abdomen

·         Passing of Blood in the stool

·         Constipation, Diarrhea or other changes in bowel habits like narrow stools.

·         Abrupt Weight loss

How is for Colon Cancer diagnosed?

·         Colonoscopy: An endoscope is inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon, through this the doctor can examine the entire colon.

·         Diagnosis is confirmed with a colon biopsy - Stage of disease is confirmed by pathologists and imaging tests, such as computerized tomography (CT or CAT) scans.

·         Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be used to stage rectal cancer

·         Sigmoidoscopy: In this an endoscope is interested in the rectum and moved through the left side of the colon. It cannot be used to view the middle and right sides of the colon.

·         Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) along with Complete blood count (CBC to check for anemia and CT , MRI or PET scans of the abdomen, pelvic area.

Stages of Colon Cancer

The staging of colon cancer helps doctors determine a course of treatment. Staging is done on a scale from 0 to 4, with the higher stages indicating a cancer than has spread more throughout the body.

·         Stage 0: In this stage, the cancer hasn’t grown beyond the inner layer of the colon or rectum.

·         Stage I: The cancer has spread through the colon’s inner lining, but hasn’t spread beyond the colon wall or rectum.

·         Stage II: The cancer has grown through the colon or rectal wall, but hasn’t spread to nearby lymph nodes.

·         Stage III: The cancer has invaded nearby lymph nodes but isn’t affecting other parts of the body.

·         Stage IV: The cancer has metastasized throughout the body to sites such as the liver, lung, ovaries or the lining of the abdominal cavity.

 

SURGERY TO TREAT COLON CANCER

Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for colon cancer. You may need to have the entire colon removed or only part of your colon.

·     How much of your colon has to be removed depends on the location and particular characteristics of your tumour. Sometimes only a polyp is cancerous, and removal of the polyp may be all that is necessary.

·      

      Surgery may also be done to relieve symptoms when the cancer has caused a bowel obstruction. The usual procedure is bypass for obstructions that cannot be cured.

Rather than making long incisions common in traditional "open" surgery, laparoscopic surgery requires only small incisions to perform the operation.

What is laparoscopic surgery?

The word "laparoscopy" means to look inside the abdominal cavity with a special camera or scope. To perform laparoscopy, three or four small (five-10mm) incisions are made in the abdomen. The laparoscope and surgical instruments are inserted through these small incisions. The surgeon is then guided by the laparoscope, which transmits a picture of the intestinal organs on a video monitor.

The benefit of using this surgical approach is that you are less likely to experience pain and scarring after surgery, a more rapid recovery and less risk of infection.

Colon surgeons have used laparoscopy to treat the following conditions:

·         Crohn's disease

·         Certain bowel cancers

·         Diverticulitis

·         Familial polyposis

·         Faecal incontinence

          Rectal prolapse

Most Advanced Gamma Knife RadioSurgery in india

Gamma knife is now the most accepted and widely used radio surgery treatment in the world for brain tumours. About half a million people have been treated with Gamma knife surgery, and it's the only Radiation Therapy System cleared by the FDA for irradiating brain metastases. Gamma knife surgery, despite the name, there is no blade or knife - it's called Gamma knife because radio surgery (one-session treatment) has such a dramatic and precise effect in the target zone that the changes are considered 'surgical.' So there's no incision or blood, and minimal risk of complications. The device aims gamma radiation through a target point in the patient's brain. The patient wears a specialized helmet that is surgically fixed to the skull, so that the brain tumor remains stationary at the target point of the gamma rays. An ablative dose of radiation is thereby sent through the tumor in one treatment session, while surrounding brain tissues are relatively spared.

 Radiosurgery uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors, delivered precisely to avoid damaging healthy brain tissue. Gamma Knife radiosurgery is able to accurately focus many beams of high-intensity gamma radiation to converge on one or more tumors. Each individual beam is of relatively low intensity, so the radiation has little effect on intervening brain tissue and is concentrated only at the tumor itself.

 GammaKnife radiosurgery has proven effective for patients with benign or malignant brain tumors up to 4 centimeters in size, vascular malformations such as an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), pain or other functional problems.

The risks of gamma knife radiosurgery treatment are very low, and complications are related to the condition being treated. Gamma-Ray Stereotactic Treatment System. The Gamma Knife instrument put many gamma-ray beams from different angles and directions irradiate to body, making them all together to form the focus point. Since each dose of radiation beam is very small, it basically does not cause damage to human tissues which it through. As long as the ray focuses on the lesion, it can be as precise as a scalpel to destroy the lesion, with no trauma, no hemorrhage, no infection, no pain, and also reach rapid, safe, reliable magical effect.

Why is gamma knife surgery performed? 

Your doctor may recommend gamma knife surgery to treat some diseases and conditions of the brain. Your doctor may recommend gamma knife surgery to treat:

• Acoustic neuroma, a tumor of the nerve between the brain and the ear
• Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and other blood vessel disorders in the brain
• Brain tumors including some types of malignant and benign tumors
• Some types of cancer of the eye
• Epilepsy caused by a brain tumor. A brain tumor that causes epilepsy may be treated with gamma knife surgery if medications do not control seizures.
• Parkinson’s disease, a brain disorder that leads to uncontrollable shaking, muscle stiffness, and severe problems with coordination and balance
• Trigeminal neuralgia, a nerve disorder causing debilitating face pain

 Advantages Of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

• Gamma Knife is a neurosurgical tool designed exclusively for the treatment of brain disorders.

• No incisions, No general anesthesia.

• The lesion being treated receives a high dose of radiation with minimum risk to nearby tissue and structures..

• The absence of an incision eliminates the risk of haemorrhage and infection.

• A secure head frame ensures safety and accuracy within half a millimeter

• Hospitalization is short, typically an overnight stay or an outpatient surgical procedure. Patients can immediately resume their previous activities.

• Patients go home usually on the same day (time lost from employment is minimal)
  
  
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Advanced Treatment (non-invasive) for Bladder Cancer - Best Cancer Hospital in India

INITIAL BLADDER CANCER TREATMENT

The most common first treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is surgery to remove any abnormal appearing areas inside the bladder; this is called transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) — Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a procedure in which a physician uses a cystoscope to see inside the bladder and remove any abnormal-appearing areas. A cystoscope is a long thin tube that contains a light and a camera.

In most cases, this procedure is done in an operating room while the person is under anesthesia. After the procedure, you can usually go home, sometimes with a catheter for a few days.

In certain cases, usually in people with more aggressive microinvasive cancers, a second TURBT will be performed several weeks after the first to be sure that no tumor was missed during the original cystoscopy. If there are new areas that appear abnormal, they will be removed. If there are no new abnormal-appearing areas, you will begin adjuvant therapy.

BLUE LIGHT (FLUOROSCENT) CYSTOSCOPY

Enhanced visualization of tumors and improved removal can be accomplished with the advent of a cystoscopy procedure using ultraviolet (blue) light together with a dye that is injected into the bladder at least an hour beforehand. Usually performed while a patient is under anesthesia, this FDA-approved dye and procedure is gradually gaining increased acceptance in the United States, although it has been in use in Europe for over a decade. The main advantage appears to be about a 20 to 25 percent increased detection of tumors or carcinoma in situ (CIS) that is not seen under standard white light cystoscopy. This also helps define the margins of the bladder tumor for complete removal.

 Use of blue light cystoscopy results in a 10 to 15 percent absolute decrease in tumor recurrence at about two years. A similar technological advance does not require a dye at all but uses blue green filters to highlight areas of increased blood vessels often feeding the tumor. This technique is called narrow band imaging or NBI and can be done in the office with a flexible cystoscope. While not as rigorously studied as blue light cystoscopy, the results of clinical trials show a similar degree of increased tumor detection compared to standard white light cystoscopy.

ADJUVANT BLADDER CANCER THERAPY

Even in people who have their bladder tumor completely removed with TURBT, up to 50 percent of people will have a recurrence of their cancer within 12 months. Because of this high recurrence rate, adjuvant (additional) therapy is usually recommended. The type of adjuvant therapy recommended depends upon your risk of recurrence:

●Some people who are at low risk of recurrence will be advised to have a single dose of intravesical chemotherapy at the time of the initial TURBT. This is thought to help prevent floating tumor cells dislodged from the TURBT to seed and start new tumors.

"Intravesical" means that the treatment is put inside of the bladder, usually through a catheter (a flexible tube passed through the urethra, where urine exits). This allows a high concentration of the treatment to be applied directly to the areas where tumor cells could remain, potentially destroying these cells and preventing them from reemerging in the bladder and forming new tumors.

●Some people who are at intermediate risk of recurrence will be advised to have either a full six-week course of intravesical chemotherapy, most commonly mitomycin.

●People at high risk of recurrence or worsening will be advised to start intravesical BCG, usually within two to six weeks of the first treatment. This is most commonly followed by additional booster treatments (maintenance therapy) once a complete response is obtained. Occasionally, however, patients are advised to consider bladder removal (cystectomy) especially if the disease is extensive.

Intravesical chemotherapy — Chemotherapy refers to the use of medicines to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells. The most commonly used intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer is mitomycin. This is put inside the bladder in one of two ways:

●One regimen involves giving the mitomycin once, immediately after TURBT. The solution is left in the bladder for 30 to 60 minutes, then allowed to drain out through a catheter.

●Alternately, the mitomycin can be given on a weekly basis for six weeks. With this regimen, the bladder is filled with mitomycin with a catheter, the solution is left for one to two hours, then the person urinates. A maintenance treatment may be given once per month for up to one year.

Intravesical BCG — Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live bacterium related to cow tuberculosis. It is a common treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, particularly for cancers that have a risk of worsening over time. BCG is believed to work by triggering the body's immune system to destroy any cancer cells that remain in the bladder after TURBT.

BCG is in a liquid solution that is put into the bladder with a catheter. The person then holds the solution in the bladder for two hours before they urinate. The treatment is usually given once per week for six weeks, starting approximately two to three weeks after the last TURBT. Further booster (maintenance) treatments can extend the benefit of BCG.

Benefits of intravesical BCG — Intravesical BCG, in combination with TURBT, is the most effective treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. BCG therapy has been shown to delay (although not necessarily prevent) tumor growth to a more advanced stage, decrease the need for surgical removal of the bladder at a later time, and improve overall survival .